{"id":1103,"date":"2020-10-08T17:56:32","date_gmt":"2020-10-08T15:56:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/interstellar.accountable.de\/?p=1103"},"modified":"2023-11-04T23:09:58","modified_gmt":"2023-11-04T22:09:58","slug":"the-glossary-of-all-the-words-you-need-to-know-as-a-freelancer-in-germany","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/interstellar.accountable.de\/en\/blog\/the-glossary-of-all-the-words-you-need-to-know-as-a-freelancer-in-germany\/","title":{"rendered":"The glossary of all the words you need to know as a freelancer in Germany"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>While it may be possible to get by living and working in Germany without having fluency in the language, it\u2019s certainly an advantage to have a bit of German in your arsenal &#8211; particularly when it comes to managing administrative tasks like bookkeeping, or advocating for yourself as you navigate the procedures of becoming a freelancer and managing your taxes.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yet, often considered one of the hardest languages to learn, it takes a lot of time and effort to get a grasp on the German language beyond the basics of \u201cja\u201d, \u201cgenau\u201d, and \u201cdanke\u201d. As a freelancer, a great place to start is getting familiar with the key words, terms, and concepts you\u2019re bound to run into through the course of your work.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Print this page and stick it above your desk, write them down, or read them over your coffee each morning, if that\u2019s what it takes to get familiar with the list of key terminology.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Key terms for freelancers in Germany<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Steuer)bescheid<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A Bescheid or Steuerbescheid refers to a document that provides information on a tax assessment, as determined by the tax office. Bescheid translates directly to &#8220;notice&#8221; or &#8220;decision&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Einkommen<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Income<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ELSTER Portal<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ELSTER stands for &#8220;ELektronische STeuerERkl\u00e4rung&#8221;, meaning electronic tax declaration. The ELSTER portal is an online tax system designed by the German central tax office to enable anyone to submit their tax returns online. You&#8217;ll need to register with ELSTER in order to submit your taxes online.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Steuer)erkl\u00e4rung<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A Steuererkl\u00e4rung is a tax declaration or tax return. The second part of the word, Erkl\u00e4rung, translates directly to &#8220;declaration&#8221; or &#8220;statement&#8221;, and you&#8217;ll see it used in &#8220;Einkommensteuererkl\u00e4rung&#8221; (income tax statement), &#8220;Umsatzsteuererkl\u00e4rung&#8221; (value added tax statement), which are two types of tax return statements you&#8217;ll be required to submit as a freelancer.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finanzamt<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tax office.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fragebogen zur steuerlichen Erfassung<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The application form for registering as a freelancer.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udca1 Tip from Accountable: <\/strong>We have created a guide to help you correctly fill out the registration form. <a href=\"https:\/\/interstellar.accountable.de\/en\/blog\/fragebogen-zur-steuerlichen-erfassung-germany\/\">You can find it here.<\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gesetz<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Law. This is another word that you&#8217;ll see tacked onto the end of other words, such as &#8220;Umsatzsteuergesetz&#8221; (laws that govern value added tax) or &#8220;Einkommensteuergesetz&#8221; (laws that govern income tax).<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Krankenversicherung<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Health insurance. As a freelancer, you&#8217;re obliged to pay for your own health insurance. Your health insurance provider is called your &#8220;Krankenkasse&#8221;. You can either choose a private or public provider, but as a freelancer, once you&#8217;ve gone with a private provider, it is very difficult to switch back to a public health insurance provider.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">KSK or K\u00fcnstlersozialkasse<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The KSK is a governmental health insurance scheme that assists artists by paying half of the contributions for their health insurance and pension. This means the artist pays approximately half of the insurance fees they would normally pay as a freelancer.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mahnung<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A reminder of an <a href=\"https:\/\/interstellar.accountable.de\/en\/blog\/your-client-doesnt-pay-these-are-your-options-as-a-freelancer-in-germany\/\">unpaid invoice<\/a>. This could be something you receive from the tax office for a missed or late payment. You also might send one out to clients if they&#8217;ve failed to pay your invoices within a reasonable time<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rechnung<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/interstellar.accountable.de\/en\/blog\/what-should-be-included-on-all-incoming-invoices\/\">Invoice<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rentenversicherung<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pension insurance. Freelancers are typically expected to arrange their own pension insurance, however they may take part in the public pension insurance system (GRZ or gesetzliche Rentenversicherung), and some classifications of freelancers (such as teachers) are obliged to participate in the public pension insurance system.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u00e4umniszuschlag<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Not something you want to see on your letters from the tax office! This term refers to fees or fines for late payment or missed deadlines. You\u2019ll see this if you\u2019ve missed a payment or reporting period<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scheinselbstst\u00e4ndigkeit<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is a term that people warned me about a lot when I first started freelancing in Germany. Translating to &#8220;false self-employment&#8221;, it&#8217;s something you need to be aware of and able to spot\u2014 particularly when signing on with a client on a retainer basis. Your freelance work could be classified as false self-employment if you take on a workload or level of expectations comparable to those of an employee. There can be repercussions for both you and for your client if your relationship is determined to be false self-employment<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Selbstst\u00e4ndig or freiberuflich<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Self-employed or freelancing.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Solidarit\u00e4tszuschlag<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Solidarity surcharge. First introduced in 1991 after the fall of the Berlin wall, the &#8220;Soli&#8221; is a 5.5% supplementary rate on income tax that contributes towards the costs of German reunification. It&#8217;s due to be abolished after 2021\u2014at least for most of us!<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Steuer ID or Identifikationsnummer<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A unique and permanent tax identification number, assigned to you when you first register as living in Germany. Your tax ID number is separate to any tax numbers assigned to you.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Steuer<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/interstellar.accountable.de\/en\/blog\/managing-your-taxes-as-a-freelancer-in-germany\/\">Tax<\/a>. Get used to this word, it forms the start, middle, and end of many a long, German compound word!<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Steuerberater\/in<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tax accountant.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Steuernummer<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tax number. You&#8217;ll receive a tax number from your local tax office once you register as a freelancer. Each time you register any additional freelancing activities (ie. if you&#8217;re a freelance writer and you wish to start working as a musician as well), you&#8217;ll receive another tax number for each new activity. Unlike your tax ID number, your tax number can change, for example if you move to a new city or region.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00dcberweisung<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bank transfer.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Umsatzsteuer or Mehrwertsteuer<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/interstellar.accountable.de\/en\/blog\/how-to-file-your-german-vat-return\/\">Value Added Tax<\/a> (VAT). As a rule of thumb, if you earn over 22,000\u20ac annually, you must charge VAT on top of your regular rates and pay this amount on to the tax office, after any applicable deductions. The amount of VAT you charge is dependent on the nature of the work you do, and there has been a reduction in response to COVID-19, so make sure to check your individual obligations. There are slight differences between these two terms, but in practice you can treat them as one and the same.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Versicherung<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Insurance<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Voranmeldung<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pre-registration. You&#8217;re likely to see this word in the context of your <a href=\"https:\/\/interstellar.accountable.de\/en\/blog\/freelancing-in-germany-put-these-dates-in-your-calendar\/\">tax reporting deadlines<\/a>. It means that you report an estimation of your earnings prior to your official tax declaration.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vorauszahlung<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prepayment. In some cases, freelancers are required to make tax pre-payments throughout the year, based on income estimations. Don&#8217;t worry though, it&#8217;s always reconciled in the end!<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We\u2019re here for you, in English and German!<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While this list is by no means exhaustive, it\u2019s a great place to start. Learning key terminology and concepts is useful\u2014even crucial\u2014to living and working successfully as a freelancer in Germany. We hope it empowers you to take an active role in understanding and managing your taxes and bookkeeping.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even if you do have a grasp of these terms, it\u2019s easy to get behind your bookkeeping or misunderstand a tax letter. Accountable is available in both German and English, helping you navigate your invoices, expenses, and tax reports. It\u2019s as easy as eins, zwei, drei \ud83d\ude09<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>While it may be possible to get by living and working in Germany without having fluency in the language, it\u2019s certainly an advantage to have a bit of German in your arsenal &#8211; particularly when it comes to managing administrative tasks like bookkeeping, or advocating for yourself as you navigate the procedures of becoming a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":1104,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[322],"class_list":["post-1103","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-important-things-to-know","tag-tax-tips"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.5 - 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